Features of Modern Physics Teaching Through the Finnish Education System

Abstract

This article examines the scientific and methodological foundations of teaching physics through the STEM approach and analyzes the possibilities of adapting the experience of the Finnish education system to the context of Kazakhstan. The relevance of the study lies in the need to identify effective methods for teaching science-related subjects amid ongoing curriculum reforms. The STEM approach is an interdisciplinary teaching model aimed at developing students’ scientific literacy, critical thinking, research, and practical skills. In Finland, this model is systematically implemented through national LUMA centers. Although STEM education is actively being introduced in Kazakhstan, its effective integration into the learning process requires clear planning and a sound methodological framework. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach in teaching physics by comparing the experiences of Finland and Kazakhstan. The main research question is: How does the STEM approach influence the content and outcomes of teaching physics? The study employs methods such as comparative analysis, empirical data evaluation, and systematization of local experiences. The results show that the structural and organizational elements of the Finnish model can be successfully adapted to Kazakhstan’s conditions. In addition, specific recommendations are provided to enhance the infrastructural and methodological capacity of local STEM centers. In conclusion, the integration of the STEM approach into physics education is substantiated as a promising direction that enhances students' interest in the subject and fosters their research abilities.